1989. Obviously, this kind of investment strategy only works if: Over the longer term, the liquidation of potentially renewable resources is clearly a losing strategy for society and for future generations. Contributors unite from different perspectives and disciplines, ranging from agronomy and hydrology to economics. The resulting collection is an accessible but wide-ranging look at the modern food system. Land resources are the raw materials in the production process. 2. Renewable resources are environmentalists best friends. We must conserve natural resources. Through their management, we are consistently “replenishing” their numbers to obtain resources needed to maintain our quality of life. Found inside – Page 55A nonrenewable resource cannot create more of itself within a time horizon that is useful to humans. Oil, hard rock minerals, and water trapped in deep aquifers are examples of nonrenewable resources. Land has elements ... Source: Jason Pineau, Wikimedia Commons; http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ekati_mine_640px.jpg . It is associated with increases in both the numbers of people and their per-capita use of resources. For example, the wreck of the Exxon Valdez in Alaska and the cleanup of the spilled petroleum were responsible for billions of dollars of “growth” in the GNP of the United States over several years (see Chapter 21). This means that the water running from your tap today might have been drunk by a dinosaur some 200 million years ago. Found inside – Page 244distinct policies for the management of the renewable resources located thereon , merely because the administration ... I might add there that the examples brought out by Mr. Saylor , I think , typify the reasons why it may be necessary ... Everything we have or use is made from a natural resource. Many politicians, economists, resource managers, and corporate spokespersons have publicly stated that they are in favour of sustainable development. What are the key differences between conventional economics and ecological (environmental) economics? ; resourcefulness. Beacon Press, Boston, MA. Naturally, first species that cross everyone’s mind is livestock reared for meat, milk, and eggs. Ability to deal promptly and effectively with problems, difficulties, etc. essential that the stagnant or declining growth trends of this decade [the 1980s] be reversed.” The report suggested that economic growth, coupled with a more equitable distribution of wealth, was required to improve the living standards of poorer peoples of the world. Uranium is a radioactive element found in low amounts within all rocks on earth. Are rocks and minerals renewable or nonrenewable resources? These are resources that can be naturally replenished and their availability is unaffected by human activity. Particularly in developed countries, economic growth is typically achieved by a rapid consumption of natural resources. Sun, water, wind, biomass, tides, geothermal energy, etc. Natural mortality can be caused by predation, disease, or disturbance, while harvesting mortality is associated with use by humans. These sorts of valuations are difficult and somewhat controversial, but they are necessary if society is to implement a full-cost accounting system that acknowledges the fact that important environmental damage is associated with many economic activities. Thanks to their magnetic, electrochemical, and luminescent characteristics, these elements enabled us to develop small and yet very powerful electronic devices. An obvious conclusion is that economic and ecological systems are inextricably linked. In any truly sustainable system of resource management, those increases in yield must be obtained without degrading the capability of the resource for renewal (they cannot be obtained by over-harvesting the resource or by degrading environmental conditions). Found inside – Page 74To Evaluate Multiple Use of Lands 3.1 Benefits . uses : Arid lands offer a variety of present and potential agricultural and livestock production ; renewable resource production ; non - renewable resource ( minerals and oil ) production ... Other large markets for wind power, including the United States and China focused first on developing their on-land wind resources where construction costs are lower (such as in the Great Plains of the U.S., and the similarly wind-swept steppes of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia in China), but population centers along coastlines in many parts of . Resources are characterized as renewable or nonrenewable; a renewable resource can replenish itself at the rate it is used, while a nonrenewable resource has a limited supply. However, most of these people are confusing genuine sustainable development with “sustained economic growth,” which by definition is not possible. The field of ecological economics goes even further than the full valuation of environmental damage. There are many examples of the non-sustainable use of potentially renewable resources. Hardin, G. 1968. Either these resources were excessively harvested (a condition known as over-harvesting or over-exploitation), or their post-harvest regeneration was inappropriately managed. Ultimately, a sustainable human economy must be based on the wise use of renewable resources – meaning use that does not compromise their availability in the future. Each . Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, UK. Therefore, “economic development” should refer only to progress made toward a sustainable economic system. A non-renewable natural resource is defined as a resource that cannot be replaced in our lifetime . The problem is that a sustainable cycle in nature lasts centuries, and does not take into account our excessive exploitation of this natural resource. Potentially at least, populations of animals and plants, and their assemblages known as communities and ecosystems (such as a tract of forest), can be harvested in a sustainable manner – that is, without depleting the size of the resource or its capability to renewal. Sounds wonderful, right? Land is considered a renewable resource because it can be used over and over again. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. According to statistics, the demand for aluminum has grown thousand times just in the span of two years between 2013 and 2015 [18]. At the very least, precautionary levels of harvesting that are small enough to avoid over-exploiting the resource can be predicted, even though the harvest might be smaller than the potential maximum sustainable yield. The ecology of sustainable development. Paper and trees for example, can be a renewable resource when enough time is given for trees to reseed and replenish harvested forests. The positive news is that as the aluminum industry keeps booming, so do the recycling programs. Minerals are mined from the ground. As early as 1979 it was explicitly outlined as a potential problem in a report for the U.S. Department of Energy,4 and it has subsequently emerged as an issue in several countries, leading, for example, to the Netherlands introducing restrictions on large-scale solar parks in 15. This means that their stocks are getting depleted before they can replenish naturally. Brown, L.R. If we do not tackle the problem and focus on sustainable use of this resource from this moment, we might be forced to look for alternatives to sand very soon. Columbia University Press, New York, NY. 2001. The amount of energy these waves carry is significant, and can be harvested for as long as there is wind blowing. All are believed to have resulted from over-hunting by newly colonizing people. Non-Biological Renewable Resources The following are renewable resources that are non-biological: Many renewable resources can be managed to increase their rates of recruitment and productivity and to decrease mortality. Many have argued that it would be much more sensible to pursue solutions that aggressively attack both economic growth (as it is currently achieved) and population growth. Daly. In this chapter, we examine the broader issues related to the use of natural resources in economic systems. This is the best website I’ve ever seen. Potentially renewable resources are also frequently mined, rather than being harvested on a sustainable basis. Pollution occurs when people put harmful chemicals and other things into nature. It is also important not to forget environmental impacts that come about as a result of the extraction of non-renewable resources or the disposal of the waste they generate. Wind, solar, and hydrogen power are renewable resources that offer hope for the future. Such images also reveal that beyond Earth and its atmosphere is the immense, black void of space – an extremely dilute, universal matrix. Describe at least two case studies of the degradation of potentially renewable resources and explain why those damages occurred. The story of the oil’s downfall is similar to coal. Natural resources can be classified as renewable resources, nonrenewable resources and flow resources. An ultimate goal of environmental studies to understand how the use of natural resources and changes in environmental conditions are related to a sustainable economic system and to the quality of human life. List of Natural Resources. 2. This metal can be also found in the composition of the sun and stars, so we can say that it is a common element in the universe. As a result, it is possible to increase the size of a harvest by the use of management practices that enhance the productivity of bio-resources. This definition focuses on the resource-related aspects of sustainability. Green energy: Pollution produced by the burning of fossil fuels like petrol, cutting trees for timber can be decreased to a great extent. People eat grains, fruits, and other parts of plants. Potentially, all management options (including selective breeding, enhancement of growth and recruitment rates, and management of mortality rate) can result in larger yields of bio-resources. Source: Aurbina, Wikimedia Commons; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Island#mediaviewer/File:Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg . Nevertheless, because the dominant use of fossil fuels is as sources of energy, they essentially flow through an industrial economy, with little new recycling. Wood is from trees. Examples of renewable resources include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy. (2005). Polyester and nylon are made from oil. Undoubtedly, the Easter Islanders were keenly aware of their precarious circumstances – especially the limited resources available to sustain their society on a small and isolated island. However, the limits of many potentially renewable resources have already been exceeded, resulting in stock declines or collapses. Renewable energy sources come from the fact that the Earth is a living organism. Yes, even soil is a renewable resource. Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. In an old-growth forest, for example, the largest logs of the most desirable species have the highest value per unit of biomass – they can be used to manufacture large-dimension lumber of precious species or costly veneer products. We must also protect our natural resources from pollution. Next, smaller individuals of the most desired species might be harvested selectively, along with the largest individuals of secondarily desired species. If this situation does not change for the better in the near future, there will be grim consequences for the human economy, and also for biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Greentumble is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Science, 162: 1243-1248. Trees provide one precious raw material – timber. Like fossil fuels and minerals. Chelsea Green Publishing Co., White River Junction, VT. Mowat, F. 1984. GGP (NYSE: GGP) introduced its first solar systems at five malls in 2013 and has since grown its solar program to include 44 properties. Nature's Numbers responds to concerns about how the United States should make these measurements. The book recommends how to incorporate environmental and other non-market measures into the nation's income and product accounts. Prehistoric humans could also be rapacious, given appropriate opportunities in the form of naïve and edible species. Land in Hawaii is limited and competition for its use or preservation is high. (c) A trawl is an open, broad-mouthed net that is dragged along the bottom or through the water column, while a purse seine is positioned around a school of fish near the surface and then pulled shut with a bottom draw-line. In healthy ecosystems, various natural processes like decomposition and nutrient recycling replenish our soils in sustainable ways. Solar energy is a perfect example of a renewable resource. Transcribed image text: Classify each of the following resources and examples to describe the differences between renewable and nonrenewable resources. 1996. Biological Renewable Resources Renewable resources that are biological in nature (bio-resources) include the following: Image 12.2. These mass extinctions represent cases of non-sustainable harvesting of wild-animal populations, which were potentially renewable bio-resources for the neolithic hunters. Conventional economics is a social science that examines the allocation of scarce resources (referred to as goods and services) among potential uses that are in competition with each other. In the following section we explain how management practices can be used to increase the productivity of biological resources. are renewable resources. Fossil fuels are the other major category of non-renewable resources. Bricks, cement, and metals are made from minerals. Tristram, H.B. The temperature of the earth’s inner core is 5,430 degrees Celsius [2] and it is the hottest part of our planet. Found inside – Page 7Ironically enough, the debate about resource depletion has shifted from concerns about non-renewable resources such as ... Examples of this are seen in: • land degradation and soil loss • spread of salinized wastelands • build-up of ... Some peat industry representatives and academics believe that peat is a slowly renewable resource, but in reality, a peat bog takes thousands and thousands of years to form. Although continuing exploration may discover additional stocks of non-renewable resources that can be exploited, this does not change the fact that there is a finite quantity of these resources present on Earth. In fact, they can take millions of years to form. The different pressures are created in response to changing temperature of the earth surface, which is affected by the amount of sunshine the area receives. To our advantage, aluminum can be fully recycled, which enables us to use this resource repeatedly and more efficiently. This means that we cannot replicate the same conditions to encourage creation of new coal reserves, and the deposits we have been overexploiting since the last century are quickly running out. This timely research review discusses a selection of key articles on the economics of renewable energy. Land cannot be considered a renewable resource as land is not easily or constantly produced by nature. They include the fossil fuels we burn for energy (natural gas, coal, and oil). Theories suggest that most of earth’s core is composed of iron. But there is a problem – sand is becoming so scarce that overnight thefts and illegal activities of so called “sand mafia” have started to flourish. Even today, around 2,700 tons of new gold are mined every year. In the category of “renewable resources” can be even populations of farmed fish, or half wild animals such as caribou or pheasants, whose populations are controlled by us, even though they seemingly live in the wild. Natural capital and sustainable development. They are called renewable because they can grow again or never run out. Ecological Economics: Concepts and Methods. Renewable resources Nonrenewable resources. They are not renewable because the story of their origin is the same as the one of uranium. Natural renewable water resources are the total amount of a country's water resources (internal and external resources), both surface water and groundwater, which is generated through the hydrological cycle. All natural resources should be used wisely. The water then runs into rivers and dams where it is used and the waste is partially cleaned before it makes its route to the sea, where the cycle begins again. If, however, the forest was harvested, the products sold, and the resulting money invested at an interest rate of 10% per year, the quantity of money would double in only 7 years, so profit would be made twice as quickly. They are not living things, and they are sometimes hard to find. In fact, all the plants we cultivate for food, energy generation or product manufacture represent for us renewable resources. According to the information from the World Coal Association, at our current rates of consumption, we have enough coal for the next 150 years [9]. PROS & CONS OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES. Associated with these interchanges of materials and energy are many kinds of damage caused to natural and managed ecosystems. This is a view of the Etaki open-pit diamond mine in the Northwest Territories. In general, the sustainable management of any resource Some are essential for survival, while others are social wants. Which of those mentioned here are renewable? The authors of the Brundtland Report believed that this growth would best be achieved through “policies that sustain and expand the environmental resource base.” Such policies would include the advancement of efficient technologies that could help to achieve economic growth while consuming fewer material and energy resources. Explain your answer. Later, swamps dried up and all organic material in different stages of decay got buried underneath multiple layers of soil. These resources can be renewable, such as forests, or nonrenewable such as oil or natural gas. Give examples of each. Part II: The Biosphere: Characteristics and Dynamics, Part VI: Ecologically Sustainable Development, Human Activities are Environmental Stressors, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ekati_mine_640px.jpg, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Island#mediaviewer/File:Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MammothVsMastodon.jpg, http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a05?lang=eng&id=3840038&pattern=3840038&searchTypeByValue=1&p2=35, Next: Chapter 13 ~ Non-Renewable Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. One subset of nonrenewable resources includes crude oil and natural gas. When an animal like this cow eats a plant, it takes in nutrients. Moreover, most economic planners, politicians, and businesspeople hope for additional increases in economic activity into the foreseeable future. In particular, ecological economics employs a variety of biophysical measures of scarcity and valuation. Those natural resources, on the other hand, that cannot be . 2004. Meadows. Written by Sanford S. Smith, extension specialist in Natural Resources and Youth Education, and Barbara R. Deeter, undergraduate student. The sun will still keep on sending its energy our way every day, until it will cease to exist and our planet with it. Trees are a good example. Costanza, R. 1991. 2010. Luinenberg, O. and S. Osborne. Land resources are the raw materials in the production process. The collapse may be caused by inadequate recruitment into the harvested population because the fecundity of younger individuals is not sufficient to offset the harvesting mortality. Nonrenewable Resource - A resource that cannot be replaced at the same rate it is being used, takes a long time to replace. The human economy can function only if it has continuous access to an input of natural resources, of which there are two kinds: non-renewable and renewable. The term “sustainable development” was first popularized in the widely acclaimed report Our Common Future, by the World Commission on Environment and Development, an agency of the United Nations. (compilers) 1990. In general, the various management practices are designed to alleviate environmental constraints on productivity. However, this process is clearly non-sustainable because it has relied on a rapid depletion of natural resources, while also causing other kinds of environmental damage, for example, to biodiversity. Natural resources are perceived as being boundless. The extinctions included 10 species of horses (genus Equus), the giant ground sloth (Gryptotherium listai), four kinds of camels (family Camelidae), two buffalo (genus Bison), a cow (genus Bos), the saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica), and four kinds of elephants including the mastodon (Mammut americanum) and mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius). A. flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock B. solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife C. Minerals and fossil fuels D. rocks and metals. One place it goes is to a landfill. As a result, their choices can be used to reveal their valuations and investments in goods and services. Non-renewable resources are present in a finite quantity and do not regenerate after they are harvested and used. Image 12.5. A renewable resource is a resource which can be used repeatedly and replaced naturally. Throughout the history, we have made diverse objects from iron, including swords, dishes, or other daily-use items. Already at this moment, scientists estimate that oil is probably the least abundant fossil fuel, which is likely to run out fairly soon. A definition of resource with examples. Oil & Gas Primer The oil & gas industry, also known as the energy sector, relates to the process of exploration, development, and refinement of crude oil and natural gas. This yellow shining metal has enchanted many great rulers in the history, and gave reasons to countless crimes, as if people have always known that there is something special about this precious metal. But unlike air and water, sand is a non-renewable resource. W.W. Norton and Company, New York, NY. Have students answer Essential Question in This is an expression of the anthropocentric world view (Chapter 1). A Canadian Perspective. From the ecological perspective, however, it is doubtful that a 5- to 10-fold increase in the human economy could be sustained. Quick Navigation for Examples of Renewable and Non-renewable Resources. Ponting, C. 1991. List three environmental values that do not directly contribute to the human economy, but are nevertheless important to the healthy functioning of ecosystems. They are called renewable because they can grow again or never run out. Some common land or natural resources are water, oil, copper, natural gas, coal, and forests. Although, one thing is sure – the energy of moving water is a renewable source of energy for us. The detailed description of the process can be found in. Non-renewable resources are finite, do not regenerate, and therefore are diminished by use. This includes renewable resources that can be replenished with time and non-renewable resources that become depleted with use. In Detail 12.1. From one field, we can easily harvest two or more different varieties of crops in one year period and then repeat the same cycle for many more years. The main connections between economic systems and the natural world involve flows of resources from the environment (including ecosystems) into the human economy, and offsetting flows of disused materials, by-products, and heat (these are sometimes referred to as wastes) from the economy back to the environment. Depletion of (Potentially) Renewable Resources: Around the globe there are crises of depletion of renewable resources. Subsequent harvests for such purposes would be on a short rotation, perhaps 30-50 years. Renewable resources include biomass energy (such as ethanol), hydropower, geothermal power, wind energy, and solar energy. Chambers, N., C. Simmons, and N. Wackernagel. The extinctions of the moas progressed as a wave from North Island to South Island over a two-century period following the Polynesian colonization. This includes wood, sewage, and ethanol (which comes from corn or other plants). Note, however, that the close visual convergence of the two curves is an artifact caused by adjustment of the vertical axes. For instance, clear-cut forests sometimes regenerate into shrub-dominated ecosystems that resist the establishment of tree seedlings. Found inside – Page 27... increasing attention has been given to the renewable resources on national forest and national resource lands . ... and programs designed to enhance developed and dispersed recreation on the public lands are examples of ... 5. Perhaps the most popular example of a renewable resource is solar power. Source: B. Freedman. What are some examples of land resources? The estimates may be derived from detailed, "bottom-up" analyses of mining, manufacturing, transport, construction, operations, and disposal processes or from "top-down" analyses based on national-scale economic input/output models. The sun is always shining, so solar energy will always be available. It. Natural resources come from the environment and are not man-made. ADVERTISEMENTS: According to Owen (1971), the natural resources may be divided in to […] In fact, the radioactive decay of the natural deposits of uranium is what keeps the earth’s core in a liquid form [13]. Perhaps the most popular example of a renewable resource is solar power. Sometimes the area-harvesting system is followed by management that regenerates a productive resource, although it has a different character from the original, natural ecosystem. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the most frequently used . It has formed more than 300 million years ago in swamps covered by water. 1984. Renewable and nonrenewable resources, fossil fuel, and recycling are discussed. Key Takeaways The demand for renewable resources is increasing as the human population continues to grow. Townsend. It implies an improving efficiency in the use of materials and energy, and it thereby represents progress being made toward a sustainable economic system. But from the perspective of a resource, iron belongs to the category of non-renewable resources because it does not get naturally replenished. Renewable energy systems use resources that are constantly replaced and are usually less polluting. The best collection of fossil bones of many of the extinct animals has been excavated from the La Brea tar pits in southern California. Because younger individuals are often relatively fast growing, the productivity of the resource is not necessarily smaller than that of the initial old-growth stock, although the total biomass may be less. Entering your postal code will help us provide news or event updates for your area. Martin, P.S. Such valuations require the use of surveys or the observation of behaviour (such as the numbers of people visiting a park, or those contributing money to an environmental charity). Our planet receives in a single hour the same amount of energy from the sun that the entire world’s population uses in one year! There can be no ‘plan B’ because there is no ‘planet B. Clear-cut economies: Should we harvest everything now? Found inside – Page 7hearing before the Subcommittee on Parks, Recreation, and Renewable Resources of the Committee on Energy and Natural ... Let me close by providing two examples of government actions which relate to these hearings , and help explain our ... Natural resources are also the essence behind what forms mother Earth. Aluminum is the key resource for meeting a lot of our societal needs. 2001. Found inside – Page 5This congressional activity appears to be based on two premises : ( 1 ) our public land renewable resources are not ... the public lands are examples of the critically needed and highly cost - effective resource management opportunities ... We must conserve and carefully use natural resources. Ecology: A Canadian Context. Additional examples of the mining of potentially renewable resources include the following: Not all cases of the mining of potentially renewable resources have occurred in modern times. One of the recommendations of the Brundtland Report was that the global average per-capita income should grow by 3% per year (if maintained, this would double per-capita income every 23 years). Oil spilled in water, toxic chemicals in the air, or garbage dumped on the side of the road are examples of this problem. This scene is from Sumatra, Indonesia. Earthscan Publications, London, UK. List two human activities that affect land resources, and explain the changes that can result. After that, this resource is likely to run out [14]. An incinerator is a large oven that burns garbage down to ashes. Brown, L.R. These solutions would include vigorous actions toward population control, a more equitable distribution of wealth, reduced use of resources by wealthier peoples of the world, more equitable access of women to education and social empowerment, development and use of more efficient technologies, and rigorous conservation of natural resources. Initially, the largest individuals of the most valuable species are harvested selectively and are rapidly depleted. Until 1970s, our consumption remained within the natural capacity of our ecosystems to replenish these resources. They formed in supernovas billions of years ago. Consequently, apparent profit can be increased over the shorter term by liquidating natural resources and then investing the money earned in a faster-growing sector of the economy (see In Detail 12.1). Some of the main characteristics of renewable and nonrenewable resources are as follows: Any part of our natural environment such as land, air, water, forest, minerals, wildlife etc. Another by-product from harvesting trees is bark mulch for gardens. Ecological economics arose as a conceptual fusion of economics and ecology (note that the names of these disciplines share the same root, ecos, derived from the Greek word oikos, meaning “household”).
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