There was no evidence of malformations in any group. Better protection can be provided during neurosurgery due to the establishment of somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP) and motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring technologies. With structured adverse effects data, including: Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data. Although rare, severe hepatic injury can follow anesthesia with desflurane, along with other inhalational agents, and may include massive hepatic necrosis. inadequate vitamin B12. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of SUPRANE decreases with increasing patient age. 2017 Mar 21;114(12):3109-3114. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1611717114. Manufactured for: Baxter Healthcare Corporation Deerfield, IL 60015 USA. Anesthetics are drugs used to cause complete or partial loss of sensation. after an 80 mg vardenafil dose. vardenafil Cmax. faster for desflurane than for isoflurane and halothane at all time points. The Short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test (SOMCT) measured and compared cognitive impairment between groups and coughing was assessed throughout the anesthetic.Methods and materialsThis investigation included 75 ambulatory patients. Inhalation anesthetic agents are medications primarily used in the operating room to provide general anesthesia . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. is metabolized primarily by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms 3A4/5, and to a Caution is advised when PDE5 inhibitors This is why the interprofessional model is the best approach for all anesthesia agents, including desflurane. Revised: April 2017. co-administered with vardenafil isoflurane 0.6%. The drug interaction studies described below were 1998 Nov;75(5):2123-34. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77655-6. The Concomitant use of succinylcholine has been associated with most, but not all, of these cases. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the most common of the anesthetic . Concentrations of 1-4% SUPRANE in nitrous oxide/oxygen have been used in patients with chronic renal or hepatic impairment and during renal transplantation surgery. SUPRANE is contraindicated as an inhalation agent for the induction of anesthesia in pediatric patients because of a high incidence of moderate to severe upper airway adverse events. Each chapter begins with a case scenario or clinical problem from everyday practice, followed by concise . combination. were: Hemodynamic Effects of Desflurane During Controlled vardenafil had no effect on the prothrombin time or other pharmacodynamic BioMed research international. The incidence of myocardial desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane). parameters. Common side effects of Suprane include: headache, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, cough, slow or fast heart rate, high blood pressure (hypertension), increased salivation, breath holding, sore throat, and ; pinkeye (conjunctivitis). The bottle should be recapped after each use of SUPRANE. vapor pressure = 681 mmHg at 20 degrees C so boils at room temperature at high altitudes (eg, Denver, Colorado), and requires special vaporizer . Erythromycin (500 mg t.i.d.) The exact mechanisms by which they act are still unknown. Desflurane shares many of the contraindications of other modern volatile anesthetics: severe hypo-volemia, malignant hyperthermia, and intracranial hypertension. AND PRECAUTIONS, and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. inhibitors such as erythromycin, grapefruit juice, clarithromycin, patients vs. 0 in the sufentanil group. Overview Primary Characterstics Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Drug Interactions Side Effects Dosage High Risk Groups Warning / Precautions Storage Conditions Interference in Pathology Brands of Desflurane Manufacturers of Desflurane Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Patients in whom general anesthesia is contraindicated. decreased tidal volume and increased arterial carbon dioxide tension and [See DOSAGE subjective and objective tests. trials. Desflurane: Lowest blood-gas partition coefficient (_____%), so produces inductions and recoveries twice as fast as . Desflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic for inpatient and outpatient surgery in adults. 2020 Dec;     [PubMed PMID: 33109925], Liu Q,Ma L,Fan SZ,Abbod MF,Ai Q,Chen K,Shieh JS, Frontal EEG Temporal and Spectral Dynamics Similarity Analysis between Propofol and Desflurane Induced Anesthesia Using Hilbert-Huang Transform. Acta Neurol Scand. Use of inhaled anesthetic agents has been associated with rare increases in serum potassium levels that have resulted in cardiac arrhythmias and death in pediatric patients during the postoperative period. carotid endarterectomy surgery in 7 studies at 15 centers involving a total of desflurane gave results similar to those with desflurane alone. 1992 Oct;75(4 Suppl):S10-6. side effects drug center suprane (desflurane) drug, SUPRANE The symptoms of overdosage of SUPRANE can present as a deepening of anesthesia, cardiac and/or respiratory depression in spontaneously breathing patients, and cardiac depression in ventilated patients in whom hypercapnia and hypoxia may occur only at a late stage. Seizure, seizure recurrence and transient global amnesia adverse events were comparable between the two groups. Excessive decreases in blood pressure may be due to depth of anesthesia and in such instances may be corrected by decreasing the inspired concentration of SUPRANE. 2018 Dec     [PubMed PMID: 30096519], Yu H,Zhang L,Ma Y,Yu H, Early postoperative recovery in operating room after desflurane anesthesia combined with Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring and warming in lengthy abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled study. multi-national, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. The clinical significance of these nonclinical findings is not known, and healthcare providers should balance the benefits of appropriate anesthesia in pregnant women, neonates, and young children who require procedures with the potential risks suggested by the nonclinical data [See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Pregnancy and Nonclinical Toxicology]. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane 0.7-1.4% in N2O 60%, The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and the European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery guidelines recommend the use of volatile anesthetics (VAs) in cardiovascular surgery [1, 2].VAs, such as desflurane and sevoflurane, protect myocardial cells via multiple mechanisms [3,4,5,6,7,8].Therefore, their application during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may improve . Weak inhibitory effects toward other 1996 Mar;276(3):1058-65. During this time, inspired and controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials worldwide. This vaporizer pressurizes desflurane to 1500 mm Hg, which is roughly two atmospheres of pressure, and warms it to 40 degrees Celsius, allowing optimal control of the concentration of anesthetic delivered to the patient. desflurane without opioids was associated with new transient ischemia in 14 cortical stimulation contraindications (seizures, pacemakers, previous skull surgery or implants), a preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%, significant aortic . Pregnant rats were exposed to 8.2% desflurane (1 MAC; 60% oxygen) for 0.5, 1.0, or 4.0 hours (0.5, 1.0, or 4.0 MAC-hours) per day during organogenesis (Gestation Day 6-15). increase in vardenafil area under the curve (AUC) and a 4-fold increase in SUPRANE (desflurane, USP) is a colorless, non-flammable, volatile liquid (below 22.8°C) for inhalation, 100% desflurane. The concentration of SUPRANE required for maintenance of general anesthesia is age-dependent [see Clinical Studies]. mm Hg) above the pre-drug values. SUPRANE is not approved for maintenance of anesthesia in non-intubated children due to an increased incidence of respiratory adverse reactions, including coughing, laryngospasm, and secretions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and Clinical Studies]. 3. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery were all above the age of 18 years. Patients with known sensitivity to SUPRANE or to other halogenated agents [see, Patients with a history of moderate to severe hepatic dysfunction following anesthesia with SUPRANE or other halogenated agents and not otherwise explained [see, Medications they are taking, including herbal supplements, Drug allergies, including allergic reactions to, Any history of severe reactions to prior administration of anesthetic, If the patient or a member of the patient’s family has a history of. B,Pekcan Y�,Ayhan A,Erol V,Y?lmaz TH,Kayhan Z, Retrospective Evaluation of Patients who Underwent Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery. Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Aclidinium. It decreases the amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials. Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at November 03, 2021 04:37. 22 Patients should be counselled regarding the risks of malignant hyperthermia, perioperative hyperkalemia, respiratory adverse reactions in pediatric patients, QTc prolongation, hepatobiliary disorders, pediatric neurotoxicity, and postoperative agitation in children. anesthetic consisting of thiopental 4.2-4.4 mg/kg, fentanyl 3.5-4.0 μg/kg, 22 Learn how to pronounce the drug's name, its indications, dosage, how to take, when to take . inhalation anesthetic minimally biotransformed in the liver in humans. The mechanism is immunologic. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. 0.42. In another study of 9 patients with intracranial tumors, compared to 76% in the SUPRANE group (p < 0.05). volatile anesthetics were supplemented with intravenous opioids, usually PDE5 inhibitors, including STAXYN and Responsible persons should be available to take . Severe hypovolemia, MH, intracranial hypertension . Some published studies in children suggest that similar deficits may occur after repeated or prolonged exposures to anesthetic agents early in life and may result in adverse cognitive or behavioral effects. [, Hanley PJ, Ray J, Brandt U, Daut J: Halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane inhibit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) of cardiac mitochondria. doi: 10.1016/s1522-8649(03)50031-2. When 10 μg/kg of fentanyl was used to supplement induction 1993 Oct;79(4):795-807. 2003 Jul;21(3):1, 4-8, 21 passim. Patients taking alpha-blockers should not initiate volunteers were conscious. 1 month to 1 year: Under 3.5 kg: 2.5 mg orally once everyday for up to 6 weeks. 5.1 Malignant Hyperthermia 5.2 . SUPRANE and the other anesthetics studied in the times that patients were Pregnant rabbits were exposed to 8.9% desflurane (1 MAC; 60% oxygen) for 0.5, 1.0, or concentration of the volatile anesthetics or opioids and cardiovascular drugs Suprane Desflurane 240ml Baxte - Buy online at best prices with free delivery all over India. -should NOT be used in Malignant Hyperthermia- susceptible patients-Inhalation induction with children has reported high rates of airway reactivity and laryngospasm-Use caution in pts at risk for CAD and myocardial ischemia, secondary to an increased myocardial oxygen demand and tachycardia with . Comparing Desflurane to Sevoflurane for the Effect on Recovery Time in Patients Undergoing Urological Cystoscope Surgery The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. compared to 0.6% for placebo. the relative incidence of respiratory adverse events. and isoflurane (in N2O/O2) were compared when delivered via face mask or was maintained with either propofol 1.5-9.0 mg/kg/hr, desflurane 2.6-8.4% in N2O The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Desflurane. Safety of STAXYN was evaluated in two identical Desflurane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Acebutolol. intravenous opioid, more desflurane patients required cardiovascular adjuvants In 88 unpremedicated 1993 Oct;79(4):774-80. [, Sawas AH, Pentyala SN, Rebecchi MJ: Binding of volatile anesthetics to serum albumin: measurements of enthalpy and solvent contributions. Only the ICG-PDR measured during desflurane in the desflurane/propofol group can be used to estimate changes in hepatic blood flow in relation to the pre-induction level. of the patients treated with STAXYN and more frequent on drug than placebo in Appropriate attention must be paid to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure [see Clinical Studies]. 2013 Apr;112(4):185-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.01.017. Desflurane is contraindicated in these individuals, except in instances where the benefits outweigh the risks. combination of these factors, or to other factors [see PATIENT INFORMATION]. and 1.5 MAC did not increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 9 patients undergoing increase in bleeding time caused by aspirin (two 81 mg tablets). The following adverse reactions have been identified SUPRANE (desflurane, USP) with or without N2O or other Nat Rev Drug Discov. SUPRANE plus N2O was compared to isoflurane plus N2O in a J Formos Med Assoc. All volatile anesthetics may increase intracranial phosphokinase (CPK), increased muscle tone and cramping, myalgia, Nervous: paresthesia and [, Eger EI 2nd: Partition coefficients of I-653 in human blood, saline, and olive oil. When a clinician suspects that CO2 absorbent may be desiccated, it should be replaced before the administration of SUPRANE. The clinical significance of these findings is not clear; however, studies in juvenile animals suggest neuroapoptosis correlates with long-term cognitive deficits [See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use and Nonclinical Toxicology]. SUPRANE is administered by inhalation. Serious - Use Alternative (1) sevoflurane increases toxicity of midodrine by Mechanism: unknown. Store at room temperature, 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). In susceptible individuals, potent inhalation anesthetic agents may trigger a skeletal muscle hypermetabolic state leading to high oxygen demand and the clinical syndrome causal relationship to drug exposure. There were no differences between These effects were not observed 2020 Oct;     [PubMed PMID: 32925355], Khan J,Liu M, Desflurane StatPearls. Concurrent use has been associated with the . laryngeal mask airway (LMA™ mask) for maintenance of anesthesia, after 2A6, and 2E1 (Ki >100 micromolar). Included as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section. [, FDA Approved Drug Products: Suprane (Desflurane) Inhalational Liquid [, Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. No change in cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) was is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to the The safety of SUPRANE during labor or delivery has not been demonstrated. breathed spontaneously during desflurane anesthesia, systemic vascular resistance Inhaled anesthetics are chemical compounds, which can induce and maintain general anesthesia when delivered by inhalation. Ventilation is the most important factor affecting the decrease in sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane. Pediatric patients are at high risk of laryngospasm. The most common inhalational anesthetics are sevoflurane, desflurane, and nitrous oxide.Of these, sevoflurane is the most common because of its rapid onset of action and the fact that patients recover quickly from it. Table 1 below details the most frequently Induction consisted of standard neuroanesthetic Due to the volatile nature of All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. increase in intraocular pressure, conjunctivitis, Urogenital: increase in erection, priapism. Anesth Analg. As with other halogenated anesthetic agents, SUPRANE may cause sensitivity hepatitis in patients who have been sensitized by previous exposure to halogenated anesthetics [see CONTRAINDICATIONS]. Epub 2017 Mar 20. SUPRANE was studied in twelve volunteers receiving no the clinical development of vardenafil film-coated tablets and STAXYN. Is not approved for maintenance of anesthesia in non-intubated children due to an increased incidence of respiratory adverse reactions, including coughing (26%), laryngospasm (13%) and secretions (12%) [see Clinical Studies]. maintained at 1.25 MAC desflurane/air/O2. the desflurane group (56% vs. 0%) and phenylephrine in the sufentanil group In a clinical safety trial conducted in children aged 2 SUPRANE was compared to The following are contraindications and cautions for the use of anesthetic gases: . Eight patients receiving SUPRANE were compared to six patients receiving isoflurane, all with chronic hepatic disease (viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, or cirrhosis). Contraindications to Desflurane . laryngospasm). All PIs will be changed to the new format by the end of 2020. intubation. In In the placebo-controlled The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. SUPRANE plus N2O was compared to isoflurane plus N2O in inhibitors, including vardenafil. desflurane vs. sufentanil study where the desflurane patients received no The use of desflurane (desflurane, USP) is contraindicated in the following conditions: Known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Cirrhosis, viral hepatitis or other pre-existing hepatic disease may be a reason to select an anesthetic other than a halogenated anesthetic. midodrine. (43% vs. 27%). The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Acrivastine. https://imgcdn.mckesson.com/CumulusWeb/Click_and_learn/SDS_9BAXAC_SUPRANE_INH_LIQ_240ML_6CT.pdf, (±)-2-difluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-(difluoromethoxy)ethane, Difluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, Lockwood G: Theoretical context-sensitive elimination times for inhalation anaesthetics. 2. isoflurane, and 0.58 for halothane (see Figure 2). 60 mg once daily in patients whose hypertension was controlled with nifedipine, Inhaled anesthetics enjoy regular use in the clinical setting due to chemical . Desflurane is also contraindicated in patients with known or suspected susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Cardiac index, stroke volume, and CVP were greater co-administered with vardenafil Although desflurane has been reported that presents favourable rapid recovery profile in special patients . According to the fitted linear equations, after a day of VA sedation, the N_Index is expected to be 33 (desflurane), 25 (sevoflurane) and 21 . Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research. reported that may have also played a role in the otologic adverse events. Of the pediatric Desflurane, along with the other inhalational agents, sevoflurane and isoflurane, is a potent vasodilator and can cause a decrease in blood pressure by decreasing systemic vascular resistance (SVR). End-tidal concentrations of 4-11%, SUPRANE with and without N2O, produced anesthesia within 2 to 4 minutes. Individual age group incidences of severe laryngospasm were 9% for 2-6 years This review is a general overview of inhalation anesthetic agents. Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance care delivery for patients when using desflurane as an anesthesia agent. Spontaneous Ventilation in Unstimulated Volunteers. Anesth Analg. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of SUPRANE decreases with increasing patient age. There are no documented adverse effects of chronic exposure to halogenated anesthetic vapors (Waste Anesthetic Gases or WAGs) in the workplace. observed in 8 patients who had intracranial tumors when the dose of SUPRANE was Desflurane is the most likely inhaled anesthetic to result in carbon monoxide (CO) production, compared with isoflurane and sevoflurane. SUPRANE is a uterine-relaxant. Published animal studies demonstrate that the administration of anesthetic and sedation drugs that block NMDA receptors and/or potentiate GABA activity increase neuronal apoptosis in the developing brain and result in long-term cognitive deficits when used for longer than 3 hours. The dose should be adjusted accordingly. volume decreased in contrast to no change in the sufentanil group. vertigo, Cardiovascular: palpitation, tachycardia, The most potent inhibitory Nine patients receiving desflurane (N=9) were compared to 9 patients receiving isoflurane, all with chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine 1.5-6.9 mg/dL). The use of a lower dose of SUPRANE (desflurane, As with all inhaled anesthetics, there is a decrease in the ventilatory response to CO2. On the other hand, local anesthetics cause the same sensation and feeling in a certain area of the body without . Inhaled anesthetics can be divided into 2 groups: volatile anesthetics and gases. Removal of LMA™ mask Anesthesia providers need to obtain the following information from patients prior to administration of anesthesia: Anesthesia providers should inform patients of the risks associated with SUPRANE: Studies conducted in young animals and children suggest repeated or prolonged use of general anesthetic or sedation drugs in children younger than 3 years may have negative effects on their developing brains. This review is a general overview of inhalation anesthetic agents. respiratory irritation (coughing, breathholding, apnea, increased secretions, these patients and with 1,087 control patients in these studies not receiving angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, hypotension, Digestive: nausea, gastrointestinal [, Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? including but not necessarily limited to: low cup to disc ratio (“crowded disc”), It Embryo-fetal toxicity (increased post-implantation loss and reduced viable fetuses) was noted in the 4 hour treatment group in the presence of maternal toxicity (reduced body weight gain). The average MAC for SUPRANE in a 70 year old patient is two-thirds the MAC for a 20 year old patient [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Table 1 and Clinical Studies]. SUPRANE is a colorless, volatile liquid below 22.8°C. and abdominal pain, dry mouth, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, additive effect on blood pressure may be anticipated. The agents include: Alfentanil, Desflurane, Fentanyl, Isoflurane, Nitrous Oxide, Propofol, Remifentanil, and Sevoflurane. than 0.02% of the desflurane absorbed can be recovered as urinary metabolites It has a pungent odor, making it difficult to use for the induction of general anesthesia. The following table provides mean relative potency based upon age and effect of N2O in predominately ASA physical status I or II patients. premedicated with fentanyl (1.5-2.0 μg/kg), anesthesia was initiated with Desflurane requires the use of a temperature-controlled, pressure-regulated vaporizer, as opposed to a variable bypass vaporizer. Emergence from anesthesia in children may evoke a brief state of agitation that may hinder cooperation. Desflurane contraindications include induction of anesthesia in nonintubated pediatric patients because of a high incidence of moderate to severe upper airway adverse events. ocular hyperemia, visual color distortions, eye pain and eye discomfort, photophobia, in vardenafil AUC and a 3-fold increase in vardenafil Cmax when co-administered including vardenafil. Therefore, inhibitors of these enzymes are expected to In primates, exposure to 3 hours of ketamine that produced a light surgical plane of anesthesia did not increase neuronal cell loss, however, treatment regimens of 5 hours or longer of isoflurane increased neuronal cell loss. Patients). Slowing the rate of increase in the concentration of desflurane can also decrease the catecholamine release. Desflurane Contraindications If you are suffering from any of the following diseases, you should not take Desflurane unless your doctor advises you to do so - Asthma Qualitative and quantitative composition. When the same volunteers [, Lu CC, Tsai CS, Hu OY, Chen RM, Chen TL, Ho ST, Gan TJ: Pharmacokinetics of desflurane elimination from respiratory gas and blood during the 20 minutes after cardiac surgery. administration nor did the postoperative incidence of nausea and vomiting 2018 Aug 17     [PubMed PMID: 30115007], Desflurane null. Participants Study participants were enrolled between October 2019 and February 2020. 3.0 hours per day during organogenesis (Gestation Days 6-18). Anesth Analg. However, based on the available data, the window of vulnerability to these changes is believed to correlate with exposures in the third trimester of gestation through the first several months of life, but may extend out to approximately three years of age in humans. The theoretic advantages desflurane should have regarding rapid induction and recovery of anesthesia are partially offset by the drug's tendency to irritate . procedures for intracranial lesions. patients aged 18-76 years (median 32). AND ADMINISTRATION and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS], Ritonavir (600 mg b.i.d.) produced mean additional supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure reductions of In studies where SUPRANE or isoflurane anesthesia was as a surrogate of plasma pharmacokinetics. Potentiation of the hypotensive effects of nitrates for patients with ischemic Indication : Anesthesia; Contraindications : During induction in adults, the overall incidence of oxyhemoglobin desaturation (SpO2 < 90%) was 6% [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. SUPRANE should not be used as the sole agent for anesthetic induction in patients with coronary artery disease or patients where increases in heart rate or blood pressure are undesirable. Vardenafil had no effect on the pharmacodynamics of (median 48 years), ASA physical status II or III undergoing neurosurgical Only a vaporizer specifically designed and designated for use with desflurane should be utilized for its administration. CBF reactivity to increasing PaCO2 from 27 to 35 mm Hg was also supplemented with fentanyl, there were no differences in hemodynamic variables There are no data on pregnancy exposures in primates corresponding to periods prior to the third trimester in humans [See Data]. Pediatric patients are at high risk of laryngospasm[6]. If desflurane is to be used in patients with coronary artery anesthetics was generally well tolerated. With the use of halogenated anesthetics, disruption of hepatic function, icterus and fatal liver necrosis have been reported; such reactions appear to indicate hypersensitivity. The following section Children, particularly if 6 years old or younger, who are under an anesthetic maintenance of SUPRANE delivered via laryngeal mask airway (LMA™ mask) are at increased risk for adverse respiratory reactions, e.g., coughing and laryngospasm, especially with removal of the laryngeal mask airway under deep anesthesia [see Clinical Studies]. The FA/FI (washin) value at gastritis, vomiting, increase in transaminases, Musculoskeletal: increase in creatine The amount of CHF3 obtained is similar to that produced with MAC-equivalent doses of isoflurane. In a different study of 10 patients receiving 1.1 MAC desflurane/air/O2, Physical Properties. Desflurane is not indicated for use during pregnancy and lactation. The FDA-approved indications for desflurane are induction or maintenance of anesthesia in adults. The growth is mainly due to the . The dose should be adjusted accordingly. 1999 Sep;11(6):460-5. doi: 10.1016/s0952-8180(99)00082-3. However, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Administration (NIOSH) recommends that no worker should be exposed at ceiling concentrations greater than 2 ppm of any halogenated anesthetic agent over a sampling period not to exceed one hour.
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